Steam-generator



(No Model.)

J. J. BUSH. STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 447,865. Patented MarQlO, 1891.

Fig.1,

W/T/VESSES: lllll/E/VTOI'? I ATTOR/VEW,

IKE mums PEYERS 00., moTo-wmo, WAsHINGTON, n. c.

which a device of the same general character connections being broken away; and Figs. 4,

a locomotive-boiler.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES J. BUSH, OF NEVARK, NE? JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO THOMAS F. POlVERS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW" YORK.

STEAM-GE SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 447,865, dated March 10, 1891.

Application filed July 5, 1890. Serial No. 357,734- (No model To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES J. BUSH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forminga part of this specification, and in which similar letters of reference designate like or equivalent parts wherever found throughout the several views.

This invention relates to improvements in steam-generators, the primary object being to prevent incrustation of the sh ell of the boiler, to produce a constant and positive circulation of the water through the same, and to provide means whereby the water in the boiler is heated to a high degree and steam generated much more rapidly than under ordinary circumstances, all of which is accomplished by an economical and simply-constructed device without adding greatly to the cost of the boiler.

The invention described and claimed herein is an improvement on that shown and claimed in United States Letters Patent No. 419,634, granted to me January 21, 1890, in

as that claimed in this application was shown as applied to a marine boiler; and the object of this invention is to adapt said construction to a locomotive or any ordinary form of stationarv steam-generating boiler.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference indicate like or equivalent parts wherever found throughout the several views, Figure 1 represents my improvement applied to an ordinary tubular boiler. Fig. 2 represents the same applied to Fig. 3 is an end view of the construction shown in Fig. 2 on the line 'y y, part of the outer casing and the pipe- 5, and 6 represent details of the apparatus.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the boiler, parts of the side wall being broken 5o away, showing the tubes arranged therein and the application of my improvement.

Below the boiler, in proximity thereto and within the combustion or flame chamber, is arranged my improved water heater and circulator B, consisting in this case of a series of pipes communicating at the front with a pipe t O by means of an elbow-coupling D, the construction of which is shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and at the rear end with a pipe E by means of a somewhat similar coupling F, the diflerence between the couplings D and F being that the latter is provided with an opening or passage in its lower side which is in communication with the mud-drum G by means 6 5 of a pipe H. Both of the couplings D and F are also provided with passages or openings J, which are normally closed by screw-plugs K, and by removing these plugs at any time the operator is enabled to see through and clean any or all of the pipes of the series, if cleaning should from any cause become necessary.

The pipe E is provided with a continuation L, which enters the boiler at the rear and near Y are provided, by which the communication 80.

between the boiler and the series of pipes B may be cutoff or the fiow of Water therethrough regulated.

It will be seen on reference to Figs. 4 and 5 that all the pipes of the series B communicate in coupling D with the pipe 0 by means of gradually-curved passages, and that this is also true of the communication of said pipes with pipe E in coupling F, and by this construction means are provided for the con- 0 stant flow of the water through said pipes and couplings with the least possible friction and obstruction.

At the point where the passages for the pipe E and the pipes of the series B communicate in coupling F and directly below the pipe E is placed the pipe H, which communi- 1 cates with the mud-drum G, and by this ar rangement all sediment and other similar substances are deposited in said drum by the constant circulation of the Water, the arrangement of the passages in the coupling being such that the sediment and other substances become separated from the water and drop by gravity into the pipe H and drum G as the water passes over the passage or opening with which the pipe H communicates.

The separate pipes of the series B may be connected with the couplings D and F in any desired manner; but I prefer to connect them as shown in Fig. 4, in which these pipes are connected with couplings D at the front of the boiler by an ordinary screw-thread joint and with the coupling F at the rear of the boiler by means of a slip or expansion joint, whereby means are provided to admit of the expansion and contraction of said pipes. These expansion-joints may be made in any preferred form, the one shown consisting of a packing-rin g of any proper material held in place by a screw-threaded cap 0, the coupling being provided with a corresponding screw-threaded projection through which the pipes pass. By arranging the expansionjoints at the rear of the boiler they are removed from the direct action of the heat of the furnace or fire-box and are less liable to thereof and in proximity to the under surface of the crown-sheet, which here corresponds with the lower outer wall of the boilerin Fig. 1. In this construction the main features are tie same as in Fig. 1. An additional compound coupling, however, is employed, as P, plan of which is shown in Fig. 6, and the expansion-joint hereinbefore described may be formed either in coupling P or D. In this case I have shown but two pipes in the series B; but it is evident that a greater number may be employed, as may also a valve N, as shown in Fig. 1.

Many modifications of the construction shown and described may be adopted without departing from the scope ofmy invention. A single pipe may be substituted for pipes E and L or for pipe 0 and the continuation thereof, and the valves M and N may be omitted.

I have shown in each of Figs. 1, 2, and 3 two sets of the series of pipes B, with the necessary couplings and corresponding pipes communicatingtherewith and with the upper and lower parts of the boiler at opposite ends thereof; but I may employ but one of such sets or series or any convenient number thereof. I may also employ any number of pipes in the series B, and it is possible to secure good results by a single pipe communicating with the lower part of the boiler atone end thereof and extending beneath and entering the same again near the top, and this form of construction is regarded as coming within. the scope of this invention.

\Vith the system shown and described, however, much better results are produced. The capacity of the pipe E should in all cases equal the capacity of all the pipes of the series B with which it communicates, and this is also true to some extent of the pipe 0.

By the employment of the seriesof pipes B, I secure a large heating-surface and divide the flowing water into small branches, which greatly aids in heating the same and in the production of steam, and by forming the communication between the series of pipes and the opposite ends of the boiler by means of a single pipe I avoid cutting or tapping the boiler more frequently than is absolutely necessary or no more than would be required if the series of pipes were not employed.

I am aware that the idea of heating water and generating steam by means of pipes communicating with opposite ends of the boiler and arranged in coils in the fire-box or flamechamber or at the sides thereof is well known, and do not claim the same as my invention. By the construction herein described, however, there is a positive, direct, continuous, and unobstructed flow of water in a single direction by means of a pipe or pipes which communicate with the lower part of the boiler at one end thereof, and, extending under and beneath the same, enter it again at the opposite end and near or above the water-line. By this arrangement the entire pressure of the water within the boiler aids in the circulation thereof through the pipes E, the series of pipes B, and the communicating pipe 0.

\Vith thearrangement of the water-heating and steam generating pipes in the fire-box and flame-chamber, as herein described, and having them communicate with the lower part of the boiler at one end thereof and with the upper part at the opposite end, after passing directly under or along its sides, great advantages are obtained in that the flames freely surround and encircle the pipes, the water therein is quickly and easily heated, owing largely to the use of a series of pipes, all of which are in direct communication with the boiler, and the rapidity of the circulation of the water is greatly increased. The Water is taken from the lowest part of the boiler and after pass ing through the pipes is forced back into the boiler, as will be understood, and the circulation is such as to prevent any deposition of dirt or foreign substances on the inner surface of the bOli6l,EL11 such substances being deposited in the mud-drum, as hereinbefore set out.

Having fully described my invention, its construction and operation, I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, the following:

1. The combination, with a boiler, of a water-heater and steam-generator consisting of a series of straight pipes B, arranged immediately below the boiler and in the fire-box or flame-chamber, communicating through a compound coupling at one end with a single pipe, which also communicates with the boiler at or near the top thereof, and at the other end through a compound expansioncoupling with a pipe which communicates with the boiler at or near the bottom thereof, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with a boiler, of a water-heat-er and steam-generator consisting of a series of straight pipes B, arranged immediately below the boiler and in the fire-box or flame-chamber, communicating through a compound coupling at one end with a single pipe, which also communicates with the boiler at or near the top thereof, and at the other end through a compound expansioncoupling with a pipe which communicates with the boiler at or near the bottom thereof, the said couplings being also provided with passages, as J, in a direct line with the pipes of the series, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination, with a boiler, of a steam-generator consisting of a series of pipes B, arranged immediately below the boiler, the couplings F and D, the pipes E and O, and the muddrum G, the pipe E being in communication with the boiler at one end at or near the bottom thereof and the pipe 0 being in communication therewith at the 0pposite end and at or near the top thereof, each of saidpipes being also in communication with each of the pipes of the series B by means of curved passages in the couplings F and D, said couplings being also provided with passages J, which communicate with the pipes B in a direct line, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination, with a boiler, of a steam-generator consisting of a series of pipes B, arranged immediately below the boiler, the couplings F and D, the pipes E and O, and the mud-drum G, the pipe E being in communication with the boiler at one end at or near the bottom thereof and the pipe 0 being in communication therewith at the opposite end and at or near the top thereof, each of said pipes being also in communication with each of the pipes of the series B by means of curved passages in the couplings F and D, said couplings being also provided with passages J, which communicate with the pipes B in a direct line, and the mud-drum beingin communication with pipe E by means of a passage through coupling F in a direct line therewith, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, with a boiler, of they steamgenerating pipes B, the expansioncouplings F, the coupling D, and pipes (J and E, the construction being such that there is a direct communication from the lower part of the boiler at one end and the upper part of the boiler at the other end through said pipes and couplings, substantially as shown and described.

6. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a coupling having a series of longitudinal passages entering the same at one end and communicating with the central vertical passage and a series of longitudinal passages entering at the opposite end and communicating with the first-named passages in a direct line therewith, substantially as shown and described.

7. The combination, with a boiler, of a series of pipes B, arranged beneath the same, the coupling provided with passages with which the pipes B communicate, the passages closed by the plugs K, and the passages with which the pipes E and H communicate, said series of pipes being in communication with the boiler, substantially as shown and described.

JAMES J. BUSH. 

